Who is Allah ?
By Abu Iman Abd ar-Rahman Robert Squires. © Muslim Answers
Source:http://www.thetruereligion.org/allah.htm
Some of the biggest
misconceptions that many non-Muslims have about Islam have to do with the
word "Allah". For various reasons, many people have come to believe
that Muslims worship a different God than Christians and Jews. This is
totally false, since "Allah" is simply the Arabic word for
"God" - and there is only One God. Let there be no doubt -
Muslims worship the God of Noah, Abraham, Moses, David and Jesus - peace
be upon them all. However, it is certainly true that Jews, Christians
and Muslims all have different concepts of Almighty God. For example,
Muslims - like Jews - reject the Christian beliefs of the Trinity and the
Divine Incarnation. This, however, doesn't mean that each of these three
religions worships a different God - because, as we have already
said, there is only One True God. Judaism, Christianity and Islam all
claim to be "Abrahamic Faiths", and all of them are also classified
as "monotheistic". However, Islam teaches that other religions
have, in one way or another, distorted and nullified a pure and proper
belief in Almighty God by neglecting His true teachings and mixing them
with man-made ideas.
First of all, it is important to note that
"Allah" is the same word that Arabic-speaking Christians and Jews
use for God. If you pick up an Arabic Bible, you will see the word
"Allah" being used where "God" is used in English. (Click here
to see some examples of the word "Allah" in the Arabic
Bible.) This is because "Allah" is the only word in the Arabic
language equivalent to the English word "God" with a capital
"G". Additionally, the word "Allah" cannot be made plural or
given gender (i.e. masculine or feminine), which goes hand-in-hand with
the Islamic concept of God. Because of this, and also because the Qur'an,
which is the holy scripture of Muslims, was revealed in the Arabic
language, some Muslims use the word "Allah" for "God", even
when they are speaking other languages. This is not unique to the
word "Allah", since many Muslims tend to use Arabic words when
discussing Islamic issues, regardless of the language which they speak.
This is because the universal teachings of Islam - even though they
have been translated in every major language - have been preserved
in the Arabic language. It is interesting to note that the Aramaic word
"El", which is the word for God in the language that Jesus spoke,
is certainly more similar in sound to the word "Allah" than the
English word "God". This also holds true for the various Hebrew
words for God, which are "El" and "Elah", and the plural
form "Elohim". The reason for these similarities is that Aramaic,
Hebrew and Arabic are all Semitic languages with common origins. It should
also be noted that in translating the Bible into English, the Hebrew word
"El" is translated variously as "God", "god" and
"angel"! This imprecise language allows different translators,
based on their preconceived notions, to translate the word to fit their
own views. The Arabic word "Allah" presents no such difficulty or
ambiguity, since it is only used for Almighty God alone. Additionally, in
English, the only difference between "god", meaning a false god,
and "God", meaning the One True God, is the capital "G". In
the Arabic alphabet, since it does not have capital letters, the word for
God (i.e. Allah) is formed by adding the equivalent to the English
word "the" (Al-) to the Arabic word for "god/God"
(ilah). So the Arabic word "Allah" literally it means
"The God" - the "Al-" in Arabic basically serving the same
function as the capital "G" in English. Due to the above mentioned
facts, a more accurate translation of the word "Allah" into English
might be "The One -and-Only God" or "The One True God".
More importantly, it should also be noted that the
Arabic word "Allah" contains a deep religious message due to its
root meaning and origin. This is because it stems from the Arabic verb
ta'allaha (or alaha), which means "to be worshipped".
Thus in Arabic, the word "Allah" means "The One who deserves all
worship". This, in a nutshell, is the Pure Monotheistic message of
Islam. You see, according to Islam, "monotheism" is much more than
simply believing in the existence of "only One God" - as
seemingly opposed to two, three or more. If one understands the root
meaning of the word "Allah", this point should become clear. One
should understand that Islam's criticism of the other religions that claim
to be "monotheistic" is not because they are
"polytheistic" in the classic sense, but because they direct
various forms of worship to other than Almighty God. We will
discuss the meaning of worship in Islam below, however, before moving on
it should be noted that many non-Muslims are unaware of the distinction
between simply believing in the existence of only One God
and reserving all worship for Him alone. Many Christians are
painfully unaware of this point, and thus you often find them asking how
Muslims can accuse the followers of Jesus, peace be upon him, of being
"polytheists" when they were all "monotheistic Jews". First
of all, it should be clarified that the word "polytheist" doesn't
really sound right in this context, since to many it implies simply
believing in the existence of more than one God. So in an Islamic
context, "associators", "man-worshippers" or "creature
worshippers" might be more accurate and appropriate terms - especially
since Christians believe Jesus to be both "100% God and 100% man",
while still paying lip-service to God's "Oneness". However, as
we're previously touched upon, what is really at the root of this problem
is the fact that Christians - as well as the members of other religions -
don't really know what "monotheism" means - especially in the
Islamic sense. All of the books, articles and papers that I've read which
were written by Christians invariably limit "monotheism" to
believing in the existence of "One Sovereign and Creator
God". Islam, however, teaches much more than this. Suffice it to say that just because someone claims
to be a "monotheistic" Jew, Christian or Muslim, that doesn't keep
them from falling into corrupt beliefs and idolatrous practices. Many
people, including some Muslims, claim belief in "One God" even
though they've fallen into acts of idolatry. Certainly, many Protestants
accuse Roman Catholics of idolatrous practices in regards to the saints
and the Virgin Mary. Likewise, the Greek Orthodox Church is considered
"idolatrous" by many other Christians because in much of their
worship they use icons. However, if you ask a Roman Catholic or a Greek
Orthodox person if God is "One", they will invariably answer:
"Yes!". This lip-service, however, does not stop them from being
"creature worshipping" idolaters. The same goes for Hindus, who
just consider their gods to be "manifestations" or
"incarnations" of the One Supreme God. Everyone should be aware of the fact that throughout
the long history of the "Abrahamic Faiths", there have people who,
while believing in "One God", have adopted beliefs and practices
that completely nullify their claim to "monotheism". This is the
Muslim view of Christians. We're well aware of the fact that they claim
belief in "One God" with their lips, but this doesn't mean that
they don't nullify their claim in other ways. This is because many people
simply haven't been taught everything that Pure Monotheism entails. From
an Islamic point of view, "monotheism" can be nullified in many
ways. For example, simply believing that it is permissible to rule by
Western "liberal" and "democratic" laws in lieu of the
Divinely Revealed Law of Almighty God makes one a "polytheist".
Certainly, a person who does such a thing, whether Jewish, Christian or
Muslim, doesn't ever believe that there is another Almighty Creator and
Sovereign Lord. However, for all practical purposes, such a person has
take another "god", whether they choose to admit it or not. In this
way they are associating partners with Almighty God (Arabic:
shirk), and thus become a "polytheist" in a practical sense,
regardless of their lip-service to "monotheism". This holds true
even if the person doesn't believe what they are doing is
"worship". For example, Roman Catholics who pray to the Virgin Mary
will staunchly deny that they are "worshipping" her. They instead
call it "adoration" or some other watered-down term. However, from
an Islamic point of view, what is worship if not this? Islam teaches that
prayer and supplication are the marrow of worship, so if one directs their
prayers to an intermediary (even if the pray is "ultimately" meant
for God), then what is left of worship? Additionally, how can someone who
believes in Almighty God follow man-made laws instead of God's Law,
without admitting that they've begun worshipping other than God? Do they
know better than God? Additionally, the Old Testament makes it perfectly
clear that making a "graven image" of any created thing (not to
mention ones which are supposed to "represent" Almighty God) is
prohibited. Please see Exodus 20:4-6, Leviticus 26:1 and Deuteronomy 4:16,
23, 25, 5:8 and Nehemiah 9:6 for some statements in regards to this point.
Without addressing the issue that Christians commonly violate the
unambiguous commandment not to even "make" representations of
anything that is in the "heavens above or on the earth beneath",
these verses not only teach that worshipping idols is prohibited, but also
that Almighty God is eternally distinct from His creation and thus
nothing in His creation can represent Him. To believe otherwise is
to be a de facto idol worshipper - even if one claims belief in
one, and only one, "True God". In Exodus 20:4-6 and Deuteronomy
4:16, Almighty God - who is a "Jealous God" - makes it perfectly
clear that He is distinct from His creation. By giving such clear and merciful guidance to human
beings, God is establishing a universal and eternal Truth for the benefit
of mankind. This eternal Truth is the bedrock of religious guidance, since
once people begin to believe that Almighty God mixes with or can be
represented by His creation, they can be duped into believing almost
anything. Once someone accepts that God has become "incarnate" in
His creation, or that someone or something is a "manifestation" -
and thus representation - of Him, the floodgates are open and
"Truth" becomes a matter of subjective guesswork. Once the first
and most basic concept is violated - regardless of how complicated and
sophisticated the rationale for it might be - it is very easy to fall
further and further away from the Eternal Truth of Pure Monotheism. In the
final analysis, it is not a question of whether God is capable of becoming
a man, but rather a question of whether one bases their beliefs about God
on clear, unambiguous and authentic guidance. Once it is left up to the
human mind to decide what Almighty God can and cannot do, the stage is set
for misguidance to take root. Human speculation about God only ends up
leading to misguidance and despair, since no clear conclusions can ever be
reached. For example, is God capable of creating an object so heavy that
He is incapable of moving it? If not, does that mean that He is incapable?
It is because of misguided questions like this that Islam clearly teaches
that mankind should only say about God what He has said about Himself.
This means all of our ideas about God must be based on Revelation -
not human speculation. In short, the final prophet of Islam -
Muhammad - was sent by Almighty God to preach the same Pure Monotheism
that was practiced by Noah, Abraham, Moses, David and Jesus - peace be
upon them all. This Pure Monotheism means not only believing that there is
only One God in existence, but realizing that He is transcendent above His
creation and that all worship is due to Him alone. Before concluding, we should probably address the
practice of those Muslims who insist on using the Arabic word
"Allah" even when speaking English. Even though this practice
certainly is not to be condemned when it is done around those who
understand the meaning of the Arabic word "Allah", it is my
experience - both during my years as a non-Muslim and my years as a Muslim
- that such a practice can (and usually does) breed misunderstanding. It
seems that often times, many of the Muslims who use the word
"Allah" in lieu of the word "God", even when trying
to attract people to Islam, are unaware of the severe misunderstandings
that many non-Muslims have about Islam (and the distorted way which Islam
has been portrayed in the West). Insisting on using the word
"Allah" only fuels the flames of misunderstanding - so there's no
good reason to do it. I've often wondered what value some Muslims
think that using the word "Allah" adds to the Pure Message that
they are trying to convey. ( . . . and I'm still waiting for an answer!)
Unfortunately, those Muslims who insist on using the word "Allah"
even when addressing non-Muslims who are unfamiliar with Islam and the
Arabic language, do both a disservice to themselves and their religion.
Unfortunately, this practice is usually based on the false assumption - by
a non-native speaker of English - that the word "God" in English is
incapable of expressing a pure and proper belief in Almighty God. This is
certainly false. If someone says that the English word "God" cannot
be used to express the Pure Islamic Belief in Tawhid, they are
wrong not because they don't understand Tawhid, but simply
because they don't understand the English language. Many people who insist
on using the Arabic word "Allah" usually don't realize this,
because in reality, they are not so much affirming the word "Allah"
as they are rejecting the word "God" as unsuitable - based on
incorrect assumptions. For someone to assume that the word "God"
presupposes a certain theological point-of-view (such as the Trinity) is
simply Wrong - and that's Wrong with a capital "W". To say the word
"God" should be rejected because it can be changed into
"god", "gods" or "goddess" is illogical because each
of these words has a distinctive meaning and a distinctive
spelling - at least to someone who knows how to speak English
correctly. Using the same logic, I can demonstrate that the root letters
"ktb" can be used to form the Arabic words "kitab" (book),
"maktabah" (library), "maktab" (office) and "kaatib"
(writer), but does that mean that these words have the same meaning? Do
Arabic-speaking people go through life confusing libraries with writers
and offices with books (both in conversation and in reality)? I think not!
This is not to mention the fact that if the Arabic "Al-" was put in
front of these words in order to make them definite, confusion would be
even less likely! So the logic in both cases is the same, and this is
because even though the same letters are used in "God" and
"god", these two words have two different meanings in the English
language. The capital "G" implies something different than the
small "g" - and anyone who denies this simply doesn't know how to
speak the English language. In concluding this point, it should be mentioned
that Arabic-speaking Muslims who believe in Pure Tawhid,
Arabic-speaking Christians, the idol worshippers of Mecca and (so-called)
Muslims who believe in "Wahdat al-Wujud" all use the word
"Allah". However, does this guarantee all of them proper belief in
"Allah"? Certainly not, because if they have a corrupt concept of
"Allah" it doesn't matter what word they use! This brings us to a more important point: It should
be clearly understood that what Islam is primarily concerned with is
correcting mankind's concept of Almighty God. What we are
ultimately going to be held accountable at the end of our life is not
whether we prefer the word "Allah" over the word "God", but
what our concept of God is. Language is only a side issue. A person can
have an incorrect concept of God while using the word "Allah", and
likewise a person can have a correct concept of God while using the word
"God". This is because both of these words are equally capable of
being misused and being improperly defined. As we've already mentioned,
using the word "Allah" no more insinuates belief in the Unity of
God than the use of the word "God" insinuates belief in the Trinity
- or any other theological opinion. Naturally, when God sends a revelation
to mankind through a prophet, He is going to send it in a language that
the people who receive it can understand and relate to. Almighty God makes
this clear in the Qur'an, when He states: As Muslims, we think that it is unfortunate that we
have to go into details on such seemingly minor issues, but so many
falsehoods have been heaped upon our religion, that we feel that it is our
duty to try to break down the barriers of falsehood. This isn't always
easy, since there is a lot of anti-Islamic literature in existence which
tries to make Islam look like something strange and foreign to Westerners.
There are some people out there, who are obviously not on the side of
truth, that want to get people to believe that "Allah" is just some
Arabian "god", and that Islam is completely "other" -
meaning that it has no common roots with the other Abrahamic
religions (i.e. Christianity and Judaism). To say that Muslims worship a
different "God" because they say "Allah" is just as
illogical as saying that French people worship another God because they
use the word "Dieu", that Spanish-speaking people worship a
different God because they say "Dios" or that the Hebrews
worshipped a different God because they sometimes call Him
"Yahweh". Certainly, reasoning like this is quite ridiculous! It
should also be mentioned, that claiming that any one language uses the
only the correct word for God is tantamount to denying the universality of
God's message to mankind, which was to all nations, tribes and people
through various prophets who spoke different languages. Before closing, we would like everyone to be aware
of the fact that some Christian missionary organizations print English
literature intended to teach Christians about Islam which say such things
as: "Allah is the god of the Muslims" and that "Muhammad came to
get people to believe in the god Allah" - implying that "Allah"
is some sort of false "god". However, when these same organizations
print literature in the Arabic language, hoping to lead Arabic-speaking
Muslims "to Christ", they use the word "Allah" for God. It
seems that if they were on the side of truth, they would not have to
resort to such inconsistencies. And on an even more ridiculous note . .
. there are also missionary organizations that exceed this in
ignorance (or deceit) by writing books that call on Muslims to give up
their belief in "Allah", and instead worship the "Lord"
Jesus, "the Son of God". Besides making it abundantly clear that
they are outside the community of Pure Monotheism, the people who write
such material don't even realize that if they wrote such a pamphlet in
Arabic, it would be self-contradictory. This is because in an Arabic Bible
Jesus is the "Son of Allah"! If an Arabic-speaking person gave up
the worship of "Allah", they would have no God to worship, since
"Allah" is simply the Arabic word for God! Before we conclude, however, we would like to ask
our readers to ask themselves what they think the reasons are behind all
of these lies? If Islam was just some false religion that didn't make any
sense, would so many people, from Western scholars to Christian
missionaries, have to tell so many lies about it? The reason is that the
Ultimate Truth of Islam stands on solid ground and its unshakable belief
in the Unity of God is above reproach. Due to this, Christians can't
criticize its doctrines directly, but instead make up things about Islam
that aren't true so that people lose the desire to learn more. If Muslims
were able to present Islam in the proper way to people in the West, it
surely might make many people reconsider and re-evaluate their own
beliefs. It is quite likely that Christians, when they find out that there
is a universal religion in the world that teaches people to worship and
love God, while also practicing Pure Monotheism, would at least feel that
they should re-examine the basis for their own beliefs and doctrines.